Gaius julius caesar11/24/2023 ![]() The civil war is commonly recognised as one of the possible endpoints of Rome's republican government. He was made Dictator perpetuo ("dictator in perpetuity" or "dictator for life") in 44 BC and assassinated shortly thereafter. The following year, Caesar defeated the last of the Pompeians under his former lieutenant Labienus in the Battle of Munda. Scipio and Cato committed suicide shortly thereafter. Caesar intervened in Africa and Asia Minor before attacking North Africa, where he defeated Scipio in 46 BC at the Battle of Thapsus. Pompey fled to Egypt, where he was assassinated on arrival. Many former Pompeians, including Marcus Junius Brutus and Cicero, surrendered after the battle, while others, such as Cato the Younger and Metellus Scipio fought on. ![]() Pompey defeated Caesar in 48 BC at the Battle of Dyrrhachium, but was himself defeated decisively at the Battle of Pharsalus. The war was fought in Italy, Illyria, Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Hispania. Caesar refused and instead marched on Rome. Pompey and his allies induced the Senate to demand Caesar give up his provinces and armies in the opening days of 49 BC. A build-up of tensions starting in late 50 BC, with both Caesar and Pompey refusing to back down, led to the outbreak of civil war. The main cause of the war was political tensions relating to Caesar's place in the republic on his expected return to Rome on the expiration of his governorship in Gaul.īefore the war, Caesar had led an invasion of Gaul for almost ten years. Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) was a civil war during the late Roman Republic between Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus.
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